Introduction to Philosophy (Gabitan)

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  These features emphasize the authors’ belief and conviction that mathematics should be relevant meaningful, and interesting for today’s generation of students. In particular, it is hoped that this book will assist students become wise consumer of and more adopt writers of research.
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  Logic The Basics of Correct Thinking

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  There are many literatures concerning Logic that present the basics of correct thinking such as simple apprehension, understanding terms and concepts, judgments and propositions, the kinds of inference, and the kinds of fallacies. However, only a few books provide an overview of philosophy vis-à-vis logic, and the relevance of Logic to other disciplines and in our day-to-day living.

  This book provides the readers with an overview of philosophy in relation to Logic and the relevance of Logic to other disciplines such as the rigorous and the social sciences, and most importantly in our day-to-day living.

  One of the unique features of this book is that in discussing the significance of Logic, the different schools of thought such as Platonic, Materialism, Aristotelian and Oriental are given overviews. The overviews are supplemented with Euler diagrams and a combination of Euler and Venn diagrams so that the readers will have vivid pictures of the schools of thought through symbols.

  Another unique feature of this book is that it presents and clarifies in Module I the basic laws and principles governing correct thinking. This is very important because at the outset of the study of correct thinking, the readers are already aware of and will be guided by the foundational norms of classical logic.

  The basic laws and principles governing correct thinking like the basic law on the truth of the antecedent and its consequent and the basic principles like the principle of identity and the principle of contradiction, among others, are further clarified in Module Ill concerning judgments and propositions. Moreover, these laws and principles are applied intensively in Module V concerning immediate inference and in Module VI which deals with mediate inference. Euler diagrams and Venn diagrams are also presented to supplement and clarify further the illustrative examples of the inferences.

  But the most unique feature of this book is its constructive critique of the errors of some popular authors of Logic book by presenting and rectifying the errors such as the erroneous use of Venn diagrams which is dealt with in Module V, the erroneous classification of some fallacies into fallacies not of language or non-linguistic fallacies which is dealt with in Module VII.

  Through the unique features of this book with emphasis to the last one, the authors fervently hope that the readers may realize also some insights like to simplify complex concepts and principles is far different from a simplistic discussion, having a broad and open mind is far better than having a myopic and close mind, and to detect an error is good but to constructively rectify it is better.

  Enjoy reading and learning!