The concept approach of the book is suitable for undergraduate non-Biology major students. The book is designed to be useful workbook for students enrolled in Biology subject. It is divided into eight units which cover major topics such as cell biology, genetics, evolution, ecology, biological diversity and plant and animal biology. Each part has balanced coverage of all topics sufficient for a semester-long course in Biology. The authors considered these topics as important pans of biology which will provide the core knowledge in science.

The opening unit of the book gives an overview of how the field of Biology is studied and explored using scientific method. Unit II deals with biological molecules that account for the structure, function and even the origin of cells. The next unit provides discussion on energy and metabolism which is the central phenomena in the study of biological organisms. It is followed by the study of heredity and the evolutionary process in the heritable characteristics (Unit IV). Basic ecology concepts are introduced in Unit V while biodiversity is main focus of discussion of Unit VI. The last unit deals with plant and animal biology. Each chapter included in every unit is provided with self-assessment part which includes quick recall questions and questions that elicit critical thinking. Moreover, helpful materials that would reinforce learning are appended towards the end in an effort to provide additional information among the users of this book. Furthermore, laboratory exercises are incorporated for each chapter in order to supplement the concepts learned in the lecture and to make them responsible in their own learning through manipulation and discovery.

The authors of this book have been friends and colleagues for several years and, while they have often discussed writing a book together, the timing never seemed quite right. Finally, they put their heads together to come up with a "generic" book suitable for non-science students with different major and coming from various institutions. The authors' collection of lecture notes from several years of teaching Biology is the basis of the content of this book. Any comments or suggestions for the improvement of this book will be appreciated.

Teaching a pure science to non-science majors is a hard task. Teachers are faced with the challenging problem of explaining the complex structures of cells or the intricate chemical pathways in a simple and, in a sense, artful way. Vis-a-vis this simplicity is not losing the basic concepts. Striking a balance takes up a lot of creativity, of board and seat works, and other methodologies to bring home the message to students.

Finally, this book creates another stepping stone in understanding the science of life. Unlike other textbooks, this Biological Science reference material takes into consideration the actual semestral time frame. It is equipped not just to teach directly but also to encourage self-exploration and culture of research. Besides, a university is a university because it is a generator of knowledge through a prolific research culture among students.

Given this, it is the hope of the authors that this book serves its purpose. The study of biology is an interesting field regardless of background or skills and competencies. It is perhaps the most practical among the many branches of science. It does not talk about things too farfetched or blurred. It talks about our very self. We, you are the best manifestation of life. Thus, this book is about you, a narration of our physicalities and an explanation of our biological being.

This laboratory manual has been created to substantiate the concepts being presented during the lecture in Physics 1. It would be most beneficial if a particular theory will be presented to the students before an experiment is performed. The procedures in this manual are detailed, constructed step.by-step in order for the students to be independent in their performance of the experiment. The application questions link the concepts of physics with everyday scenario for better retention, and with industry practices in order to create mindset among students of their future tasks. The exercises will enhance the skills of the students in problem solving.

OBJECTIVES OF PERFORMING THE ACTIVITY IN PHYSICS

Laboratory work is designed to:

familiarize students with the fundamental principle of the subject firsthand manipulation of apparatus and personal application of the principle studies.

train students with the methods and thoughtful experience in experimentation, careful observation and honest recording of data, critical analysis, correlation and interpretation of experimental data

familiarize students in the use of laboratory apparatus and techniques used in physical measurements

train students in making valid and worthwhile conclusion from observed data.